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Archytas, a Pythagorean philosopher from Tarentum, was a friend of Plato who made several contributions to mathematics, including solving the problem of doubling the cube, now known to be impossible with only a compass and a straightedge, using an alternative method. He also systematized the study of means, and possibly worked on optics and mechanics. Archytas has been credited with early material found in Books VII-IX of the

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