and the negation of the ideals of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution".

Kershaw argues that the difference between fascism and other forms of right-wing authoritarianism in the interwar period is that the latter generally aimed "to conserve the existing social order", whereas fascism was "revolutionary", seeking to change society and obtain "total commitment" from the population.

In his book How Fascism Works: The Politics of Us and Them

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