laws.

Since 2018, labor-intensive sectors such as footwear and textiles were often the earliest to relocate part of their output from China to established hubs (notably Vietnam), while capital-intensive industries like electronics and automotive tended to move more slowly and in stages as local supplier ecosystems were developed. Across destinations, firms combined moves to existing plants (for speed) with greenfield investments (for longer-term transformation), with Vietnam, India, Mexico, Thailand and Taiwan among the principal recipients