The NSFNet expanded into academic and research organizations in Europe, Australia, New Zealand and Japan in 1988-89. Although other network protocols such as UUCP and PTT public data networks had global reach well before this time, this marked the beginning of the Internet as an intercontinental network. Commercial Internet service providers emerged in 1989 in the United States and Australia. The ARPANET was decommissioned in 1990.

1990s

The

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