the digital voltage to rise from 10% of a nominal digital 0 to a nominal digital 1 or vice versa. The knee frequency is related to the bandwidth of a channel, and can be related to the 3 db bandwidth of a system by the equation: Where Tr is the 10% to 90% rise time, and K is a constant of proportionality related to the pulse shape, equal to 0.35 for an exponential rise, and 0.338 for a Gaussian rise.

Other analog factors include:
*RC losses: Wires have an inherent resistance, and an inherent