with the lack of any concrete examples of significant amounts of overwritten data being recovered. Gutmann's article contains a number of errors and inaccuracies, particularly regarding information about how data is encoded and processed on hard drives. Although Gutmann's theory may be correct, there is no practical evidence that overwritten data can be recovered, while research has shown to support that overwritten data cannot be recovered.

Solid-state drives (SSD) overwrite data differently