reduced his supporters' belief in the false claims in question, the corrections did not alter their attitudes towards Trump.

A 2019 study found that "summary fact-checking", where the fact-checker summarizes how many false statements a politician has made, has a greater impact on reducing support for a politician than fact-checking of individual statements made by the politician.

Informal fact-checking

Individual readers perform some types of fact-checking, such as comparing claims in one news story against claims in

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