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<p>integrable function is almost everywhere equal to the limit of its average over balls. The proof uses weak-type estimates and maximal functions to control the almost everywhere convergence.</p>

<p><big>Ergodic theory</big></p>
<p>Harmonic analysis is used in classical results of <a href="page.php?w=ergodic_theory">ergodic theory</a>.  The <a href="page.php?w=maximal_ergodic_theorem">maximal ergodic theorem</a> is analogous to the Hardy-Littlewood maximal theorem: it bounds the measure of the set on which a supremum of ergodic averages is large. Such</p><p>
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