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of the process depends upon a shared secret between the AuC and the SIM called the K_i. The K_i is securely burned into the SIM during manufacture and is also securely replicated onto the AuC. This K_i is never transmitted between the AuC and SIM, but is combined with the IMSI to produce a challenge/response for identification purposes and an encryption key called K_c for use in over the air communications.

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