ability as a songwriter and singer. After al-Amin's death, she became a concubine of Ali bin Hisham. Another concubine was Da'f. She was a songstress and was one of his favourites.

Al-Amin tried to nominate his sons, Musa and Abdullah, as heirs. Musa was born in 806, and died at a young age in December 823-January 824. Abdullah, who spent an extended period in the courts of subsequent caliphs, was the sole individual to continue the lineage of al-Amin.

Other relationships

According to the Muslim historian Al Tabari,

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