conflict at any cost, although it has been suggested military experience was more common within English society than often assumed. Choice of sides was often driven by personal relationships or loyalties, and in the early stages there were numerous examples of armed neutrality, or local truces, designed to force the two sides to negotiate.

1642

The winter of 1641 to 1642 saw many towns strengthen their defences, and purchase weapons, although not necessarily due to fears of civil war. Lurid details of the Irish Rebellion of 1641

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