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<p>to have engaged in the inappropriate spinning of "hot" IPOs and issued fraudulent research reports in violation of various sections within the <a href="page.php?w=Securities_Exchange_Act_of_1934">Securities Exchange Act of 1934</a>.</p>

<p><big>Pricing</big></p>
<p>A company planning an IPO typically appoints a lead manager, known as a <a href="page.php?w=bookrunner">bookrunner</a>, to help it arrive at an appropriate price at which the shares should be offered. There are two primary ways in which the price of an IPO can be determined. Either the company,</p><p>
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