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occurring in the S phase (annotated as S) of the cell cycle. This interval includes the G₂ phase and metaphase (annotated as "Meta."). During this interval, there is still 2n, but each chromosome will have two copies of each locus, wherein each sister chromatid (chromosome arm) is connected at the centromere, for a total of 4c. The chromosomes on micrographic karyograms are in this state as

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