symmetries.

Real polyhedra in crystals often lack the uniformity anticipated in their bonding geometry. Common irregularities found in crystallography include distortions and disorder. Distortion involves the warping of polyhedra due to nonuniform bonding lengths, often due to differing electrostatic interactions between heteroatoms or electronic effects such as Jahn-Teller distortions. For instance, a titanium center will likely bond evenly to six oxygens in an octahedra, but distortion would