day arcs as viewed from selected latitudes

Visualization 2

A 2021 publication about solar geometry first calculates the x-, y-, and z-component of the solar vector, which is a unit vector with its tail fixed at the observer's location and its head kept pointing toward the Sun, and then uses the components to calculate the solar zenith angle and solar azimuth angle. The calculated solar vector at 1-hour step for a full year for both daytime

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