group metals in the environment may actually pose more of a risk than previously thought. As more internal combustion cars are driven, platinum metal emissions increase.

The bioaccumulation of PGMs in animals can pose a health risk to both humans and biodiversity. Species whose food source is contaminated by these hazardous PGMs emitted from VECs may accumulate them, as may the species that consume them, including humans.Platinum metals extracted during the mining and smelting process can also cause environmental damage. In Zimbabwe,