(SEI) formation reaction being accelerated by increasing temperature.

LFP batteries are particularly affected by low temperatures, which may hinder their use in high-latitude regions. The initial discharge capacities for LFP/C samples at temperatures of 23, 0, -10, and -20 °C are 141.8, 92.7, 57.9 and 46.7 mAh/g with coulombic efficiency 91.2%, 74.5%, 63.6% and 61.3%. These losses are accounted for by the slow diffusion of lithium ions within the electrodes and the formation of