and its equivalents continued in use, at least in writing, until the end of the Merovingian period in the 750s. Slowly, during the ensuing Carolingian period (751-987), the expression Francia, then Francia occidentalis spread to describe the political reality of the kingdom of the Franks (regnum francorum).

Geographical divisions

Before 22 BC, Gaul had three geographical divisions, one of which was divided into multiple Roman provinces:
#Gallia Cisalpina

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