Italian astronomer, physicist, engineer, philosopher and mathematician Galileo Galilei, about projecting images of the sun through a telescope (invented in 1608) to study the recently discovered sunspots. Galilei wrote about Castelli's technique to the German Jesuit priest, physicist, and astronomer Christoph Scheiner.

From 1612 to at least 1630 Christoph Scheiner would keep on studying sunspots and constructing new