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symbol of valence 1. One possible interpretation is "x is a man".
** In Q(x,y), Q is a predicate symbol of valence 2. Possible interpretations include "x is greater than y" and "x is the father of y".
** Relations of valence 0 can be identified with propositional variables, which can stand for any statement. One possible interpretation of R is "Socrates is a man".
* A function symbol, with some valence greater than or equal to 0. These are often denoted by lowercase roman letters

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