dope (around 30% in terms of weight per volume). This allows the silk to flow through the duct as a liquid while maintaining molecular order.

As an example of a complex spinning field, the spinneret apparatus of an adult Araneus diadematus (garden cross spider) consists of many glands shown below. A similar gland architecture appears in the black widow spider.
* 500 pyriform glands for attachment points
* 4 ampullate glands for the web frame
* 300 aciniform glands for the outer