is often normal.

Laboratory tests

Laboratory testing is often performed in the evaluation of a new-onset seizure, particularly when a provoked cause is suspected. Common investigations include:

* Serum glucose: to rule out hypoglycemia
* Electrolytes (sodium, calcium, magnesium): to identify metabolic disturbances
* Renal and hepatic function panels: to assess for organ dysfunction
* Toxicology screening: to detect alcohol, illicit substances, or prescription drug toxicity
* Infection markers (e.g.,

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