Removal/addition of AER

The removal of the AER results in truncated limbs where only the stylopod is present. The transplantation of an additional AER results in the duplication of limb structures, usually as a mirror image next to the already developing limb. The mirror image reflection is a result of the transplanted AER obeying signals from the existing ZPA.

FGF-soaked beads can mimic the AER

Implantation of a plastic bead soaked in FGF-4 or FGF-2 will induce formation of a limb

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