returned to Caracas to place themselves under the protection of Archbishop Coll y Prat.

Prelude

José Tomás Boves had gathered an army in the Southern plains in 1812, composed of Llaneros, released black slaves, mulattoes, mestizos and Indians whom he treated as equals. He lived among his soldiers, and exposed himself to the same risks in battle as them, thereby gaining their extreme loyalty.

Nominally a Royalist, Boves acted independently

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