of these vernacular languages is low on the vocabulary side, it is very high in the morphosyntax. As such, Bislama can be described simply as a language with an English vocabulary and an Oceanic grammar and phonology.

Scholars highlight the role of Bislama in undermining the vitality of Vanuatu's indigenous languages.

History

During the period of "blackbirding" in the 1870s and 1880s, hundreds of thousands

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