varying from ground-hugging prostrate plants to erect shrubs; a few, notably C. frigidus, are small to medium-size trees up to 15 m tall and 75 cm trunk diameter. The prostrate species are mostly alpine plants growing at high altitudes (e.g. C. integrifolius, which grows at 3000 - 4000 m in the Himalayas), while the larger species occur in scrub and woodland gaps at lower altitudes.

Description

The shoots are dimorphic, with long shoots (10 - 40 cm long) producing structural branch growth, and short

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