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argue that twentieth-century development theory inherited a broadly positivist and evolutionary framework from Auguste Comte's "law of three stages," which proposed that societies progress from theological to metaphysical and finally scientific forms of reasoning. Early modernization theorists, including Walt W. Rostow and Daniel Lerner, echoed this schema by portraying development as a linear transition from "traditional" to "modern" society, characterized by industrialization, rational bureaucracy, and

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