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was founded in 1974 as the first urban National Wildlife Refuge established in the United States, amidst a growing public interest in environmental protection. The refuge's lands had previously been extremely profitable for oyster growers in the nineteenth century and later salt producers. During the late 1950s, there was an effort to fill the bay and its tidelands in order to create land for urban development, as articulated in the "2020 plan", an U.S. Department of Commerce report. In response, local activists advocated for the protection and

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