posits that a single language, commonly called proto-Pidgin English, spoken along the West African coast in the early sixteenth century, was ancestral to most or all of the Atlantic creoles (the English creoles of both West Africa and the Americas).

Table of creole languages

Marginal

*Bonin English, sometimes considered a mixed language
*Iyaric ("Rastafarian")
*Jamaican Maroon Spirit Possession Language

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