include flower buds.

The flowers are small catkins which appear shortly after the leaves in spring.

The seeds are small triangular nuts 15 - 20 mm long and 7 - 10 mm wide at the base; there are two nuts in each cupule, maturing in the autumn 5-6 months after pollination. The cupule differs from that of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) in having flattened,

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