were given by Friedmann in 1924.The physical models built on the Friedmann equations are called FRW or FLRW models and form the Standard Model of modern cosmology, although such a description is also associated with the further developed Lambda-CDM model. The FLRW model was developed independently by the named authors in the 1920s and 1930s.

Assumptions

The Friedmann equations use three assumptions:
# the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker metric,

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