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and 3GPP-defined interfaces, facilitate interoperability between disaggregated RAN components.

Key components

In Open RAN, the RAN is split into three main blocks: the Radio Unit (RU), the Distributed Unit (DU), and the Centralised Unit (CU). The RU performs basic RF and low-PHY functions such as precoding and beamforming. The DU performs additional PHY functions such as scrambling and modulation, and handles MAC and RLC functions such as radio resource allocation. The CU handles functions

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