back vowel is equal to the difference between a close front and a close central vowel, or a close central and a close back vowel.

Occurrence

Most languages have some form of an unrounded open vowel. Because the IPA uses for both front and central unrounded open vowels, it is not always clear whether a particular language uses the former or the latter. However, there may not actually be a difference. (See .)

Notes

References

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