are also important parts of the missions. In Antarctica, when the polar dawn starts late in the year things begin warming up and the mission usually runs from late in the year to early the next year before the months of darkness and cold return. During that time bases will over-winter until the next year and Deep Freeze mission.

Prior to International Geophysical Year

The U.S. Navy already had a record of earlier exploration in Antarctica. As early as 1839,

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