was appointed chairman. In many European countries like Germany and Spain, the Schroders fund was the very first private equity fund to be launched.

In 1996, Schroder Ventures staff from the UK, Germany, France, and Italy formed an independent company called Schroder Ventures Europe. It was renamed Permira in 2001 to reflect its separation from J. Henry Schroder Wagg. The Permira brand had been introduced earlier with the launch of the Permira Europe I and