which are thin-scaled.
* Pinus mugo subsp. uncinata -- in the west and north of the range (from the Pyrenees northeast to Poland), a larger, usually single-stemmed tree to 20 m tall with glossy-textured asymmetrical cones, the scales of which are much thicker on the upper side.

Some botanists treat the western subspecies as a separate species,

Pinus uncinata, others as only a variety, P. mugo var. rostrata. This subspecies in the Pyrenees marks the alpine

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