stages, or processes, and this is thought to account for the superiority of the recognition process over recall. Recognition only involves one process in which error or failure may occur, while recall involves two. However, recall has been found to be superior to recognition in some cases, such as a failure to recognize words that can later be recalled.

Another two stage theory holds that free recall of a list of items begins with the content in working memory and then moves to an associative search.

Encoding specificity

The

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