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<p>of <a href="page.php?w=Finland">Finland</a>. He retired in 2007.</p>

<p><big> Backpropagation </big></p>
<p>Explicit, efficient error <a href="page.php?w=backpropagation">backpropagation</a> in arbitrary, discrete, possibly sparsely connected, <a href="page.php?w=neural_networks">neural networks</a>-like networks was first described in Linnainmaa's 1970 master's thesis, albeit without reference to NNs, when he introduced the reverse mode of <a href="page.php?w=automatic_differentiation">automatic differentiation</a> (AD), in order to efficiently compute</p><p>
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