be the angle of inclination of the tangent with respect to the x-axis; this is also known as the tangential angle. Then
:So the subtangent is
:and the subnormal is
:The normal is given by
:and the tangent is given by
:

Polar definitions

thumbLet P = (r, ?) be a point on a given curve defined by polar coordinates and let O denote the origin.

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