fewer smelters use the INCO flash furnace than the Outokumpu flash furnace.

Flash smelting with oxygen-enriched air (the 'reaction gas') makes use of the energy contained in the concentrate to supply most of the energy required by the furnaces. The concentrate must be dried before it is injected into the furnaces and, in the case of the Outokumpu process, some of the furnaces use an optional heater to warm the reaction gas typically to 100-450 °C.

The reactions in the flash smelting furnaces produce copper matte,

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