are often incomplete and/or ambiguous, there can be significant disagreement among medieval demographers.

Demographic history of Europe

The population levels of Europe during the Middle Ages can be roughly categorized:

*400-600 (Late Antiquity): population decline
*600-1000 (Early Middle Ages): stable at a low level, with intermittent growth.
*1000-1250 (High Middle Ages): population boom and expansion.
*1250-1348 (Late Middle Ages): stable or intermittently rising at a high level, with fall in 1315-17

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