without the use of words. Nonverbal communication can include the environment around the communicators, the physical attributes or characteristics of the communicators, and the communicators' behavior of the communicators.

The four nonverbal communication cues are known as spatial, temporal, visual, and vocal. Each cue relates to one or more forms of nonverbal communication:
* Chronemics - the study of time
* Haptics - the study of touch
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