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in a closed system undergoing a slow process with negligible changes in kinetic and potential energy the process is polytropic, such that

where C is a constant, , , and with the polytropic coefficient $n\; =\; \{(1-\; \backslash gamma)K\; +\; \backslash gamma/math>.\}\}$

Relationship to ideal processes

For certain values of the polytropic index, the process will be synonymous with other common processes. Some examples of

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