father, was no match for Jay Gould and quickly buckled. To stop the rate war Western Union bought Atlantic Pacific (and the rights to the Quadruplex from Jay Gould) for $5 million .

The problem of sending two signals simultaneously in opposite directions on the same wire had been solved previously by Julius Wilhelm Gintl and improved to commercial viability by J. B. Stearns; Edison added the ability to double the number in each direction.

The

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