referring to food or nourishment.

History

The concept of trophic level was developed by Raymond Lindeman (1942), based on the terminology of August Thienemann (1926): "producers", "consumers", and "reducers" (modified to "decomposers" by Lindeman).

Overview

The three basic ways in which organisms get food are as producers, consumers, and decomposers.

* Producers (autotrophs) are typically

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