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In 637, shortly after Jerusalem was captured by the Muslim armies, 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second caliph, promised that the Church of the Nativity would be preserved for Christian use. A mosque dedicated to Umar was built upon the place in the city where he prayed, next to the church. Bethlehem then passed through the control of the Islamic caliphates of the Umayyads

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