domestic animals, equine cognition has been less studied by comparison. In 2016, researchers Lauren Brubaker and Monique A.R. Udell noted that studies on rat cognition outnumber those on horse cognition by a factor of seven. The question of whether horses possess consciousness remains unresolved.

In 2023, Éditions Quæ published the first book dedicated to the intelligence of working horses. Jocelyne Porcher emphasized the potential insights gained from observing animals in work-related contexts, a field long overlooked by researchers