and learned to read, write and do arithmetic.

Byzantine period (535-827)

After taking areas occupied by the Vandals in North Africa, Justinian I retook Italy as an ambitious attempt to recover the lost provinces in the West. The re-conquests marked an end to over 150 years of accommodating policies with tribal invaders. His first target was Sicily, leading to the Gothic War (535-554) between the Ostrogoths and the Eastern Roman Empire, also

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