1.Previous
3.Next

many Islamist factions historically lean toward economic self-reliance and independence (Istiqlal). The drive for self-reliance is heavily tied to resisting Western economic hegemony and globalization, which are frequently viewed as exploitative. Some radical or state-led Islamist groups advocate the creation of closed, parallel trade networks solely among Muslim-majority nations (the Ummah) to achieve independence from Western financial institutions such as the IMF and the World Bank and prioritized heavy state control, domestic manufacturing

1.Previous
3.Next