of the mosque have ornate multi-tiered designs but, for reasons that remain unclear, these were encased shortly afterwards inside the massive square bastions still seen today.

History

Fatimid construction and modifications

The mosque's construction was initiated by the 5th Fatimid caliph al-?Aziz Billah in the year 990 CE and the first Friday prayers took place in it a year later, though the building was incomplete. This suggests that

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